HiMedia - M078-5KG - KLIGLER IRON AGAR (Each)

ITEM #: 3523616
Kligler Iron Agar is a combination of the lead acetate medium described by Kligler (1) and Russels Double Sugar Agar (2) and is used as a differentiation medium for typhoid, dysentery and allied bacilli (3). Bailey and Lacey substituted phenol red for andrade indicator previously used as pH indicator (4). Kligler Iron Agar differentiates lactose fermenters from the nonfermenters. It differentiates Salmonella Typhi from other Salmonellae and also Salmonella Paratyphi A from Salmonella Scottmuelleri and Salmonella Enteritidis (5). Fermentation of de x trose results in production of acid, which turns the indicator from red to yellow. Since there is little sugar i.e. de x trose, acid production is very limited and therefore a reo x idation of the indicator is produced on the surface of the medium, and the indicator remains red. However, when lactose is fermented, the large amount of acid produced, avoids reo x idation and therefore the entire medium turns yellow.
Kligler Iron Agar, in addition to peptic digest of animal tissue, proteose peptone, beef and yeast e x tract, contains lactose and glucose (de x trose), which enables the differentiation of species of enteric bacilli. Phenol red is the pH indicator, which e x hibits a color change in response to acid produced during the fermentation of sugars. The combination of or ferrous sulphate and sodium thiosulphate enables the detection of hydrogen sulfide production, which is evidenced by a black color either throughout the butt, or in a ring formation near the top of the butt. Lactose non-fermenters (e.g., Salmonella and Shigella ) initially produce a yellow slant due to acid produced by the fermentation of the small amount of glucose (de x trose). When glucose (de x trose) supply is e x hausted in the aerobic environment of the slant, the reaction reverts to alkaline (red slant) due to o x idation of the acids produced. The reversion does not occur in the anaerobic environment of the butt, which therefore remains acidic yellow butt). Lactose fermenters produce yellow slants and butts because of lactose fermentation. The high amount of acids thus produced helps to maintain an acidic pH under aerobic conditions. Tubes showing original color of the medium indicates the fermentation of neither glucose (de x trose) nor lactose. Gas production (aerogenic reaction) is detected as individual bubbles or by splitting or displacement of the agar by the formation of cracks in the butt of the medium.
Storage and Shelf-life:
Cultural characteristics observed after an incubation at 35-37°C for 18-48 hours.
References:
1. Russell F. F., 1911, J. Med. Res., 25:217.
2. Kligler I. J., 1917, Am. J. Publ. Health, 7:1041.
3. Kligler I. J., 1918, J. E x p. Med., 28:319.
4. Bailey S. F. and Lacey G. R., 1927, J. Bacteriol., 13:183.
5. Ewing, 1986, Edwards and Ewings Identification of the Enterobacteriaceae, 4th Ed., Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc., N.Y.
Kligler Iron Agar, 5 kg
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